Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

The liver has a unique structure, especially at the level of individual cells. Hepatocytes, the main liver cells, release bile into tiny channels called bile canaliculi, which drain into the bile duct ...

A team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers has uncovered the atomic structure of a protein complex pivotal to the function of motile cilia, the hair-like structures extending from the ...

Proteins are the molecular workhorses of cells. To understand their functions, scientists soon realized that they had to figure out proteins’ shapes. But solving a protein structure is a challenging ...

Characteristics of brain complex structure, classification of biomanufacturing methods, key points of functional reconstruction, and application prospects. Brain, the material foundation of human ...

Cryo-EM reconstructions of the human ATR–ATRIP complex show how clinical small-molecule inhibitors like VE-822 and RP-3500 bind to and inhibit ATR activity. A research team led by Prof. Gang Cai and ...

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus harbored by fruit bats. It can be transmitted to pigs and humans, infect people through contaminated food, and can travel directly from person to person via droplets.