The collapse of centers in late Iron Age Europe / Peter S. Wells -- Collapse of civilization and the potential for multilinear evolution / Allen Zagarell -- What happened in the Shang Dynasty?

Complex systems – from ecosystems and power grids to supply chains and social networks – can sometimes collapse or surge unexpectedly after minor disturbances. Why do some systems collapse suddenly ...

According to historian Arnold Toynbee, 'Great civilizations are not murdered, they take their own lives.' In some regards a civilization is often responsible for its own decline. However, the ...