Data assimilation integrates observational data with numerical ocean models to produce accurate estimates and forecasts of the ocean state. Techniques range from variational methods, which adjust ...

Spider plot of one- and 10-day forecast (A) RMSE and (B) bias for YHGO and GLO12V4, normalized by the maximum value for each metric. Over 70% of the Earth is covered by oceans. Altogether, the Earth’s ...

Understanding Earth's climatic past is essential for predicting future scenarios. In a recent review published in Science China Earth Sciences, Mingsong Li and his colleagues from Peking University ...

Data assimilation is an important mathematical discipline in earth sciences, particularly in numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, conventional data assimilation methods require significant ...