The physical layer, being the lowest level of the communication stack, has increasingly been recognised as a locus for both encryption and error correction. Physical ...

The number and volume of warnings about a post-quantum cryptography (PQC) world are rising, as governments, banks, and other entities prepare for a rash of compromised data and untrustworthy digital ...

Unlike binary bits of information in ordinary computers, “qubits” consist of quantum particles that have some probability of being in each of two states, designated |0 and |1 , at the same time. When ...

“We know how to make qubits work,” he says. “Now we see it as the engineering task to increase the number of qubits and reduce the noise.” And with a digital twin, researchers can experiment with ...