For years, scientific sleuths have been uncovering flaws and fraud in research publishing, from duplicated images and fabricated data to fake peer reviews. Their work has helped to bring about the ...

That changed in late 2025 when cutting-edge “frontier” AI models became capable of reasoning and planning reliably by themselves. A key feature of these models is “tool calling” – the ability to ...

Bayt al-Hikma, or the House of Wisdom, in Baghdad emerged in the ninth century—even before the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, widely considered the first academy of sciences. The Banu Musa brothers, ...